Why Fences Lean in Frederick County
Frost heave: Posts set at insufficient depth in Frederick's clay soils are pushed upward as the frost line (approximately 30 inches) expands during winter. A post set at 18-20 inches will heave; a post at 30-inch minimum will not. Frost heave typically causes the post to rise above original grade and lean as the surrounding soil subsides unevenly when it thaws.
Soil saturation: Clay soils hold water. A post set in concrete surrounded by saturated clay loses its lateral resistance when the clay becomes plastic. Long wet periods — extended rain or snowmelt — can cause posts to shift even when the concrete is still intact.
Post rot at grade: Rot at the soil-air interface reduces the post's effective diameter and strength. The fence leans toward the direction of loading — usually toward the prevailing wind direction — because the rotted section can no longer resist the lateral force.